Briefly describe the functions of various sensors on the vehicle

One of the characteristics of the development of modern automotive technology is that more and more components are electronically controlled. For example, electronically controlled fuel injection, exhaust emissions, brake anti lock system, automatic air conditioning, headlight brightness control, automatic adjustment of the driver's seat, steering control, electronically controlled suspension, and so on. The work of electronic automatic control depends on the information feedback of sensors. According to statistics, there are currently about dozens of sensors on ordinary cars, and more than 100 sensors on high-end cars. It is expected that by 2005, the demand for automotive sensors by * * * will reach 1.27 billion.

According to the role of sensors, they can be classified as sensors that measure temperature, pressure, flow, position, gas concentration, speed, brightness, humidity, and distance. They perform their respective functions. Once a sensor fails, the corresponding device will not work properly or even not work. Therefore, the role of sensors in automobiles is very important.

In the past, automotive sensors were used solely for engines, but now they have been extended to chassis, body, and lighting electrical systems. These systems employ more than 100 sensors. Among a wide variety of sensors, common ones are:

1. Sensors used in electronically controlled injection engines

Intake pressure sensor: Reflects the change in pressure in the intake manifold and provides a reference signal to the ECU (engine electronic control unit) for calculating the fuel injection duration;

Air flow sensor: measures the amount of air sucked in by the engine and provides it to the ECU as a reference signal for fuel injection time;

Throttle position sensor: measures the opening angle of the throttle and provides it to the ECU as a reference signal for fuel cutoff, control of the fuel/air ratio, and ignition advance angle correction;

Crankshaft angle sensor: detects crankshaft and engine rotational speed, and provides it to the ECU as a reference signal for determining ignition timing and working sequence;

Oxygen sensor: detects the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas and provides it to the ECU as a reference signal to control the fuel/air ratio near the theoretical value;

Intake air temperature sensor: detects the intake air temperature and provides it to the ECU as a basis for calculating air density;

Water temperature sensor: detects the temperature of the coolant and provides engine temperature information to the ECU;

Detonation sensor: installed on the cylinder block to specifically detect the deflagration condition of the engine and provide it to the ECU to adjust the ignition advance angle based on the signal.

2. Sensors used in chassis control

These sensors are mainly used in transmissions, steering gears, suspension, and ABS.

Transmission: there are speed sensors, temperature sensors, shaft speed sensors, pressure sensors, etc.; steering gear includes angle sensors, torque sensors, and hydraulic sensors;

Suspension: there are speed sensors, acceleration sensors, vehicle height sensors, roll angle sensors, angle sensors, etc;

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